ECX™ FAQ

ECX™ is a proprietary technology used to remove ammonia in municipal and industrial process wastewater.
ECX™ produces hypochlorous acid through an electrochemical reaction and oxidizes ammonia into harmless nitrogen (N2) gas. The electrochemical reaction is produced by flowing electricity through proprietary Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO)-coated electrodes into conductive water (i.e. concentrated with chloride atoms). Typically, the presence or addition of sodium will provide the conductivity and the necessary chloride to create the reaction.
Hypochlorous acid is a weak acid which is typically formed when chlorine is dissolved in water. It is also known as chlorine hydroxide, chloric acid, chloranol, and hydrogen hypochlorite. It has a chemical molecular formula written as HOCl with a molar mass of 52.46 g/mol. It is a simple molecule with a central oxygen atom connected to chlorine and hydrogen atoms through single bonds. Additionally, when the produced HOCl in the ElectrX™ reactor mixes with the sodium in the water, HOCl is converted into Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), which will continue to oxidize ammonia into nitrogen gas as it is discharged. NaOCl is currently used worldwide as a disinfectant in drinking water and is commonly known as household bleach.

Because the HOCl is produced inside the reactor, no chemicals are handled during the treatment process. Additionally, our electrochemical reactor limits the concentration discharged from each cell to less than 1% NaOCl, which is below the EPA published safety standard. In fact, HOCl is produced naturally in the human body from white blood cells and is what protects the body from infections and harmful microbial bacteria.

The conversion is called Breakpoint Chlorination. The effect is caused by adding free chlorine at a concentration of 7.6 times the concentration of ammonia present in the water. However, higher multiples are often needed to reach breakpoint chlorination due to other chemistry in the water that demands oxidation ahead of ammonia oxidation. Typical dosages of 8-10 times ammonia concentrations are needed.

Most competing technologies produce some environmental pollutants whereas ECX™ does not. The ammonia and nitrogen contaminants in process water are electrochemically oxidized into harmless nitrogen gas, which is outgassed into the atmosphere. This outgassing is harmless because the atmosphere is already primarily composed of nitrogen gas. No nitrates, (carcinogens), ammonia gas (nitrous oxides – greenhouse gas), methane gas (greenhouse gas), etc. are released into the atmosphere or discharge water.

Each reactor cell produces about 2,000 mg/liter of NaOCl in optimal conditions of conductivity and chloride concentrations. The power to produce this is approximately 4.5kW/kg of NaOCl. Multiple cells can be configured to scale up the amount of NaOCl needed for any ammonia/nitrogen concentrations and to handle any water volume requirements.

In most applications the reactors are designed for long life and as such maintain a guarantee against defective parts for 18 months and for 5 years on the proprietary MMO electrode coatings. Depending on the specific application and chemicals present in the process water, actual coverage may vary, primarily due to potential degradation of the electrode coating under certain extreme environments.

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